Tjalling Koopmans shared the Nobel Prize with Leonid Kantorovich “for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources.” Koopmans, a native of the Netherlands, started in mathematics and physics, but in the s switched to economics because it was “closer to real life.” In he succeeded Jan Tinbergen at the League of Nations in Geneva and then left in when Hitler invaded the Netherlands. In the United States, Koopmans became a statistician with the Combined Shipping Adjustment Board in Washington where he tried to solve the practical problem of how to reorganize shipping to minimize transportation costs. The problem was complex: the variables included thousands of merchant ships, millions of tons of cargo, and hundreds of ports. He solved it. The technique he developed to do so was called “activity analysis” and is now called linear programming. His first write-up of the analysis is in a memorandum. His techniques were very similar to those used by Kantorovich, whose work he discovered only much later.
Koopmans was also like Kantorovich in generalizing his approach from one sector of the economy to the economy as a whole. Koopmans showed the conditions
William Shakespeare (). English poet and playwright &#; Shakespeare is widely considered to be the greatest writer in the English language. He wrote 38 plays and sonnets.
Short bio of William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon on 23rd April
His father William was a successful local businessman, and his mother Mary was the daughter of a landowner. Relatively prosperous, it is likely the family paid for Williams education, although there is no evidence he attended university.
In William, aged only 18, married an older woman named Anne Hathaway. They had three children, Susanna, Hamnet and Juliet. Their only son Hamnet died aged just
After his marriage, information about the life of Shakespeare is sketchy, but it seems he spent most of his time in London &#; writing and acting in his plays.
Due to some well-timed investments, Shakespeare was able to secure a firm financial background, leaving time for writing and acting. The best of these investments was buying some real estate near Stratford in , which soon doubled in value.
It seemed Shakespeare didn’t mind being absent from his family &#; he only returned home during Lent when all the the
Tjalling (challing) Charles Koopmans, a Dutch-American economist, won the Nobel Prize in economics in , but he started his intellectual career as a physicist. There is a Koopmans' Theorem in quantum mechanics which is still an important result used today in physics. He characterized this theorem to lay people as being about a way to compute the energy required to ionize the atoms of alkali metals (sodium, potassium, etc.) but it is more general than this application.
Tjalling Koopmans' family came from Freisland to the town of 's Graveland, near Hilversum. Tjalling, the third son, was born in He entered the University of Utrect at age 17 and studied mathematics. Although young Tjalling Koopmans had a definite talent for mathematics he found pure mathematics unfullfilling and began to read in other fields, such as the philosophy of science. At one time considered becoming a psychiatrist.
He wanted a field that dealt with the real world but utilized the mathematics that he had learned. He decided in to become a thoretical physicist and completed a master's degree in physics at the University of Utrecht in He entered a doctoral program at the University of Leiden and co
Welcome to our new “Who Were They” series here at Beyond, where we look at influential figures in English, Maths, Science and more. This blog explores the bard himself, William Shakespeare, by providing a Shakespeare biography for KS3 or GCSE English students. Our Shakespeare biography will look at:
- William Shakespeare’s Family
- William Shakespeare’s Early life
- William Shakespeare in London
- Shakespeare’s Works
- Shakespeare’s Legacy
- Shakespeare Activities
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William Shakespeare’s Family
In , Stratford-upon-Avon, England, the famous playwright William Shakespeare was born. The exact date of his birth is unknown. However, there are records of his baptism on the 26th of April. It was very common at this time to baptise
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