DARBOUX, Gaston
DARBOUX : Leçons sur la théorie générale des surfaces et les applications géométriques du calcul
Référence:Un ouvrage considérable de géométrie infinitésimale, intitulé : Leçons sur la théorie générale des surfaces et les applications géométriques du calcul infinitésimal, fut le fruit de l'enseignement de Gaston Darboux à la Sorbonne. Il constitue en même temps un traité sur les équations aux dérivées partielles. Parmi celles-ci, l'auteur fait une étude approfondie de certaines équations étudiées d'abord par Laplace, dont il montre le rôle en géométrie, et pour lesquelles il a constitué une théorie des invariants. On lui doit aussi d'importants progrès dans la question de l'applicabilité des surfaces. Il a étudié en particulier celles qui sont applicables sur une surface du second degré, et donné dans le cas de certains paraboloïdes des solutions d'une grande élégance. Tous les géomètres connaissent ses recherches sur la représentation sphérique, sur les surfaces à courbure constante, sur les surfaces isothermiques, sur les surfaces à lignes de courbure planes ou sphériques, sur les cercles géodésiques, ainsi que ses travaux sur les déformations infi
Jean-Gaston Darboux Edit Profile
mathematicianscientist
Jean-Gaston Darboux was a French mathematician. He made important contributions to geometry and analysis and after whom the Darboux integral is named.
Background
Darboux was born on August 14, , in Nimes, France.
Education
After having studied at the lycées at Nîmes and Montpellier, Darboux was admitted in to both the École Normale Supérieure and the École Polytechnique in Paris; in both cases he placed first on the entrance examinations. This - and the fact that he selected the École Normale - brought him a good deal of publicity. While a student at the École Normale, he published his first paper on orthogonal surfaces, which he studied in more detail in his doctoral thesis, Sur les surfaces orthogonales ().
Career
From to Darboux taught in secondary schools. In the latter years, his growing fame brought him a teaching position at the École Normale that he held until From to he held the chair of rational mechanics at the Sorbonne as suppléant of Liouville. In he became suppléant of Chasles at the Sorbonne, and two years later succeeded Chasles in the chai
Quick Info
Nimes, Gard, Languedoc, France
Paris, France
Biography
Gaston Darboux was the son of François Darboux () and Alix Gourdoux (). François was a clothes merchant and haberdasher, the son of Antoine Darboux () and Magdelaine Amalric (died ), who married Alix Gourdoux in Nîmes on 17 September Gaston was born in a house which was a converted chapel of the cathedral. The date of his birth is given by various sources as 13 August or 14 August, and there is genuine confusion here which we should explain. His birth certificate clearly gives 1 a.m. on 14 August but Gaston always maintained that he was born at midnight on 13 August. He always gave 13 August when asked for his date of birth and, in fact, his gravestone gives 13 August, so we have given that date on this biography.Gaston had a younger brother, Jean Louis Darboux, born on 15 May , who became a mathematics teacher at the Lycée Nîmes. One source gives a second brother Paul Darboux, born 28 Novem
Jean-Gaston Darboux (August 14, , Nîmes – February 23, , Paris) was a French mathematician.
Life
Darboux made several important contributions to geometry and mathematical analysis (see linear PDEs for example). He was a biographer of Henri Poincaré and he edited the Selected Works of Joseph Fourier.
Darboux received his Ph.D. from the École Normale Supérieure in His thesis, written under the direction of Michel Chasles, was titled Sur les surfaces orthogonales. In , Darboux was elected to the Académie des Sciences. In , he was appointed the Academy's permanent secretary of its Mathematics section.
Among his students were Émile Borel, Élie Cartan, Gheorghe Ţiţeica and Stanisław Zaremba.
Darboux's contribution to the differential geometry of surfaces appears in the four volume collection of studies he published between and ; see links below for access to these texts.
In , he was elected to the Royal Society; in , he received the Sylvester Medal from the Society.
Jean Gaston Darboux
There are many things named after him:
* Darboux equation
* Darboux frame
* Darboux integral
* Darboux net invariants
* Darboux problem
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